This section covers the basics of how to install Python packages.
Dec 05, 2017 According to the official installation instructions, the recommended way to install this is using Pip: execute pip install google-api-python-client (replace pip with pip3 if using Python 3). Alternatively, you can perform the installation completely offline from the source archives under the./third-party/Source code for Google API Client.
It’s important to note that the term “package” in this context is being used asa synonym for a distribution (i.e. a bundle ofsoftware to be installed), not to refer to the kind of package that you import in your Python source code (i.e. a container ofmodules). It is common in the Python community to refer to a distribution using the term “package”. Using the term “distribution”is often not preferred, because it can easily be confused with a Linuxdistribution, or another larger software distribution like Python itself.
Contents
This section describes the steps to follow before installing other Pythonpackages.
Before you go any further, make sure you have Python and that the expectedversion is available from your command line. You can check this by running:
You should get some output like
Python3.6.3 . If you do not have Python,please install the latest 3.x version from python.org or refer to theInstalling Python section of the Hitchhiker’s Guide to Python.
Note
If you’re a newcomer and you get an error like this:
It’s because this command and other suggested commands in this tutorialare intended to be run in a shell (also called a terminal orconsole). See the Python for Beginners getting started tutorial foran introduction to using your operating system’s shell and interacting withPython.
Note
If you’re using an enhanced shell like IPython or the Jupyternotebook, you can run system commands like those in this tutorial byprefacing them with a
! character:
It’s recommended to write
{sys.executable} rather than plain python inorder to ensure that commands are run in the Python installation matchingthe currently running notebook (which may not be the same Pythoninstallation that the python command refers to).
Note
Due to the way most Linux distributions are handling the Python 3migration, Linux users using the system Python without creating a virtualenvironment first should replace the
python command in this tutorialwith python3 and the pip command with pip3--user . Do notrun any of the commands in this tutorial with sudo : if you get apermissions error, come back to the section on creating virtual environments,set one up, and then continue with the tutorial as written.
Additionally, you’ll need to make sure you have pip available. You cancheck this by running:
If you installed Python from source, with an installer from python.org, orvia Homebrew you should already have pip. If you’re on Linux and installedusing your OS package manager, you may have to install pip separately, seeInstalling pip/setuptools/wheel with Linux Package Managers.
If
pip isn’t already installed, then first try to bootstrap it from thestandard library:
If that still doesn’t allow you to run
pip :
While
pip alone is sufficient to install from pre-built binary archives,up to date copies of the setuptools and wheel projects are usefulto ensure you can also install from source archives:
See section below for details,but here’s the basic venv3 command to use on a typical Linux system:
This will create a new virtual environment in the
tutorial_env subdirectory,and configure the current shell to use it as the default python Download. environment.
Python “Virtual Environments” allow Python packages to be installed in an isolated location for a particular application,rather than being installed globally. If you are looking to safely installglobal command line tools,see Installing stand alone command line tools.
Imagine you have an application that needs version 1 of LibFoo, but anotherapplication requires version 2. How can you use both these applications? If youinstall everything into /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages (or whatever yourplatform’s standard location is), it’s easy to end up in a situation where youunintentionally upgrade an application that shouldn’t be upgraded.
Or more generally, what if you want to install an application and leave it be?If an application works, any change in its libraries or the versions of thoselibraries can break the application.
Also, what if you can’t install packages into theglobal site-packages directory? For instance, on a shared host.
In all these cases, virtual environments can help you. They have their owninstallation directories and they don’t share libraries with other virtualenvironments.
Currently, there are two common tools for creating Python virtual environments:
The basic usage is like so:
Using venv:
Fxfactory for el capitan. Using virtualenv:
For more information, see the venv docs or the virtualenv docs.
Pip For Python 2.7 Macos Download
The use of source under Unix shells ensuresthat the virtual environment’s variables are set within the currentshell, and not in a subprocess (which then disappears, having nouseful effect).
In both of the above cases, Windows users should _not_ use thesource command, but should rather run the activate script directlyfrom the command shell like so:
Managing multiple virtual environments directly can become tedious, so thedependency management tutorial introduces ahigher level tool, Pipenv, that automatically manages a separatevirtual environment for each project and application that you work on.
pip is the recommended installer. Below, we’ll cover the most commonusage scenarios. For more detail, see the pip docs,which includes a complete Reference Guide.
The most common usage of pip is to install from the Python PackageIndex using a requirement specifier. Generally speaking, a requirement specifier iscomposed of a project name followed by an optional version specifier. PEP 440 contains a fullspecificationof the currently supported specifiers. Below are some examples.
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To install the latest version of “SomeProject”:
To install a specific version:
To install greater than or equal to one version and less than another:
To install a version that’s “compatible”with a certain version: 4
In this case, this means to install any version “1.4.*” version that’s also“>=1.4.2”.
pip can install from either Source Distributions (sdist) or Wheels, but if both are presenton PyPI, pip will prefer a compatible wheel.
Wheels are a pre-built distribution format that provides faster installation compared to SourceDistributions (sdist), especially when aproject contains compiled extensions.
If pip does not find a wheel to install, it will locally build a wheeland cache it for future installs, instead of rebuilding the source distributionin the future.
Upgrade an already installed SomeProject to the latest from PyPI.
To install packages that are isolated to thecurrent user, use the
--user flag:
For more information see the User Installs sectionfrom the pip docs.
Note that the
--user flag has no effect when inside a virtual environment- all installation commands will affect the virtual environment.
If
SomeProject defines any command-line scripts or console entry points,--user will cause them to be installed inside the user base’s binarydirectory, which may or may not already be present in your shell’sPATH . (Starting in version 10, pip displays a warning wheninstalling any scripts to a directory outside PATH .) If the scriptsare not available in your shell after installation, you’ll need to add thedirectory to your PATH :
Install a list of requirements specified in a Requirements File.
Install a project from VCS in “editable” mode. For a full breakdown of thesyntax, see pip’s section on VCS Support.
Install from an alternate index
Search an additional index during install, in addition to PyPI
Installing from local src in Development Mode,i.e. in such a way that the project appears to be installed, but yet isstill editable from the src tree. Slingplayer for web on windows 10.
You can also install normally from src
Install a particular source archive file.
Install from a local directory containing archives (and don’t check PyPI)
To install from other data sources (for example Amazon S3 storage) you cancreate a helper application that presents the data in a PEP 503 compliantindex format, and use the
--extra-index-url flag to direct pip to usethat index.
Find pre-release and development versions, in addition to stable versions. Bydefault, pip only finds stable versions.
Install setuptools extras.
Macos Pip Not Found
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